Inkiko zo mu Rwanda n’ububasha bwazo (I)

Mu Rwanda hari inkiko zisanzwe n’inkiko zihariye. Uhereye ku ruto, inkiko zisanzwe zikurikirana zitya [1] Inkiko z’Ibanze, [2] Inkiko Zisumbuye, [3] Urukiko Rukuru n’ingereko zaryo eshanu (Rwamagana, Nyanza, Rusizi, Rusizi & ICC), [4] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [5] n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

Ni mu gihe inkiko zihariye ziri mu Gihugu ari [1] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, [2] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, [3] Urukiko rwa Gisirikare [3] n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare.

Ububasha bw’inkiko bushingiye ku bintu bibiri by’ingenzi ari byo ububasha (ku kiburanwa) n’ifasi y’urukiko.

Mu byaha nshinjabyaha, mu gihe hari impaka mu kumenya urukiko rufite ububasha bushingiye ku ifasi, urubanza rufitwe n’inkiko zirenze rumwe, harebwa urukiko rw’aho icyaha cyakorewe, urukiko rw’aho ukurikiranyweho icyaha atuye cyangwa abarizwa cyangwa urukiko rw’aho ukurikiranyweho icyaha yafatiwe.

Ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasa bw’inkiko iteganya ko urukiko rw’aho icyaha cyakorewe ari rwo bahitamo kuruta urw’aho ukurikiranyweho icyaha atuye cyangwa abarizwa. Iyi ngingo kandi iteganya ko urukiko rw’aho ukurikiranyweho icyaha atuye cyangwa abarizwa ari rwo bahitamo kuruta urw’aho ukurikiranyweho icyaha afatiwe. 

Ku byerekeranye n’imanza mbonezamubano, ingingo ya 13 iteganya ko urukiko rw’aho uregwa atuye, aho abarizwa cyangwa aho yahisemo ko abarizwa ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza, uretse mu gihe amategeko abiteganya ukundi.

Iyo hari abaregwa benshi, urega yihitiramo urukiko rw’aho umwe muri bo atuye. Igihe aho uregwa atuye hatazwi, urubanza ruburanishwa mu rukiko rw’aho urega atuye cyangwa abarizwa.

Inkiko z’ibanze

Ingingo ya 26 y’itegeko rivugwa mu gika kibanza ivuga ko inkiko z’ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bikurikira:

1. Ibyaha bihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu uretse ibyahariwe izindi nkiko

2. Ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya Mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994. Ibyo birimo ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo, ubwicanyi, ibikorwa byo gusambanya ku gahato cyangwa kwangiza imyanya ndangagitsina, ibikorwa by’ubushinyaguzi ku murambo, ibikorwa byo kugirira nabi abandi bikabije bikabaviramo gupfa n’ibikorwa byo gukomeretsa umuntu cyangwa kumugirira nabi bikabije hagambiriwe kumwica kabone n’ubwo umugambi wo kwica utagezweho.

Hari kandi ibindi byaha byakorewe abantu bitagambiriye kwica n’ibindi byaha byakozwe n’umuntu wari mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rwa Superefegitura cyangwa urwa Komini, mu mashyaka ya politiki, mu gipolisi cya Komini cyangwa mu mitwe yitwara gisirikari, akaba yarakoze ibyo byaha cyangwa akoshya abandi kubikora hamwe n’ibyitso bye.

Urukiko rw’Ibanze kandi rufite ububasha bwo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca zujuje ibiteganywa n’itegeko. 

Inkiko z’ibanze kandi ziburanisha ibirego byerekeye ifunga n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo ku rwego rwa mbere.

Ku byerekeye ibyaha mbonezamubano, inkiko z’ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere impaka ziri hagati y’abantu ku giti cyabo n’ibigo cyangwa imiryango bitari ibya Leta bifite ubuzima gatozi hagati yabyo, ariko agaciro katarengeje miliyoni 20 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, imanza zerekeye umutungo wimukanwa urengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ariko katarengeje miliyoni makumyabiri n’izungura kuri uwo mutungo.

Hari kandi imanza zerekeye umutungo utimukanwa utari ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi urengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ariko katarengeje miliyoni makumyabiri n’izungura kuri uwo mutungo; kimwe n’impaka ziri hagati y’uwahawe amasezerano y’ubukode burambye n’uwiyita nyirumutungo, ariko utayafite. Ibirego byose byo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bitarengeje miliyoni eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’imanza zerekeye imimerere y’abantu n’umuryango.

Inkiko z’ibanze kandi ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere n’urwa nyuma imanza zijyanye n’ibirego byerekeranye n’ibyemezo byafashwe na Komite z’Abunzi. Umuburanyi utanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza mu rukiko rw’ibanze ajuririra urukiko rwisumbuye.